In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Canterbury Tales Essay: Immorality and the Friar -- Canterbury Tales E

Unethical behavior and the Friar in The Canterbury Talesâ â It is a tragic editorial on the pastorate that, in the Middle Ages, this class was answerable for profound quality was frequently the class generally set apart by debasement. Scarcely any works of the occasions satirically feature this marvel just as The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer’s General Prologue acquaints us with a cast of pastorate, or Second Estate people, who go in nature from devout to degenerate. The Friar is by all accounts a fantastic case of the degenerate idea of some low-level ministers of the occasions while his exercises were not sinful or appalling, his conduct is unquestionably not as per the magnanimous good lessons he should uphold. As per the Narrator’s account, he is a highbrow snot, debased by avarice, and acts in very un-Christian ways. Plainly he is a man of low good guidelines. At the point when we are first acquainted with the Friar, we are informed that he has a degree of decent behavior far over his station throughout everyday life. We are informed that in the four asking orders, there is nobody as proficient in reasonable language and friendliness as he (lines 210-211, Norton), and that he is an exceptionally ceremonious individual (line 209). This appears to be conflicted in relation to a man who should get by asking, a man who should experience existence without a rooftop over his head. This degree of rearing and fondness for function has likely originated from a refined birth-regularly, the more youthful children and little girls of nobles who couldn't be accommodated basically entered the ministry. This added to an enormous collection of pastorate individuals who went to the congregation not on the grounds that they felt an awesome calling, yet basically in light of the fact that that is what was anticipated from them (his kindred pioneer, the Prior ess, als... ...th cash from the individuals who can scarcely manage the cost of bread. This Friar’s ethics are a lot nearer to bad habit than uprightness; any questions that he is a man of low ethics are presently totally cleared away. Chaucer’s General Prologue is astounding in that it permits us to see what characters may profess to speak to, yet in addition how they truly are inside. Chaucer’s portrayal of the Friar, who ought to take care of business of upstanding devotion and ideals, makes it promptly clear that he is a remarkable inverse. The Friar’s elitist foundation and conduct, his asking upheld eagerness, and the indecencies that restrict genuine Christianity demonstrate that he is a man of low good gauges. Positively, Chaucer paints a magnificent differentiation of picture versus reality. Catalog The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Sixth Edition, Volume 1. M.H. Abrams, et al, Editor. W.W. Norton and Company. New York: 1993.

How Long Does Ultram Stay in Your System

How Long Does Ultram Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Opioids Print How Long Does Ultram Stay in Your System? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 23, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 22, 2018 Blood Test Can Detect Heavy Drinking. © Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Opioids Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Determining exactly how long Ultram (tramadol) is detectable in the body depends on many variables, including which kind of drug test is being used. Ultram, which is called tramadol in its generic form, is also known by its other brand names Ultracet, Conzip, Ryzolt, and Rybix. The timetable for detecting Ultram in the system is dependent upon not only the type of test used, but also on each individuals metabolism, body mass, age, hydration level, physical activity, health condition, and other factors, making it almost impossible to determine an exact amount of time Ultram will show up on a drug test. How Long Ultram Remains in Various Tests The following is an estimated range of times, or detection windows, during which Ultram can be detected by various testing methods: Ultram can be detected in a urine test from 2-4 daysA blood test can detect Ultram for approximately 12 hoursUltram can be detected in a saliva test for 1-4 daysUltram, like many other drugs, can be detected with a hair follicle drug test for up to 90 days The Dangers of Ultram Use Ultram is in a class of medications called opiate (narcotic) analgesics and therefore can be very addictive. If its taken over a long period of time, Ultram can create a physical dependence. Even when taken in prescribed amounts, Ultram can cause seizures after it has been used over a long period of time. Also, because Ultram is an opioid painkiller, there is a chance of overdose, especially when combined with other central nervous system depressants or alcohol. Side Effects of Ultram Even when taken as directed, Ultram, like other opioid painkillers, can cause serious side effects, some of which can be severe, including: SeizuresHivesRashBlistersDifficulty swallowing or breathingSwelling of the eyes, face, throat, tongue, lips, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legsHoarsenessAgitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, confusion, fast heartbeat, shivering, severe muscle stiffness or twitching, loss of coordinationNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weakness, or dizzinessInability to get or keep an erectionIrregular menstruationDecreased sexual desireChanges in heartbeatLoss of consciousness Symptoms of an Ultram Overdose Symptoms of an Ultram overdose may include the following: Decreased pupil sizeDifficulty breathingExtreme drowsinessUnconsciousnessComaSlow heartbeatMuscle weaknessCold, clammy skin Danger of Drug Interactions With Ultram There is a long list of medications that might produce negative reactions when taken along with Ultram. Some of those medications include: Anticoagulants such as Coumadin (warfarin)Wellbutrin (bupropion)Certain medications for migraine headaches such as Axert (almotriptan), Relpax (eletriptan), Frova (frovatriptan), Amerge (naratriptan), Maxalt (rizatriptan), Imitrex (sumatriptan), and Zomig (zolmitriptan)MAO inhibitors including Marplan (isocarboxazid), Nardil (phenelzine), Eldepryl (selegiline), and Parnate (tranylcypromine)Muscle relaxants such as Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine), Phenergan (promethazine), and Rifadin (rifampin)Sedatives and sleeping pillsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Celexa (citalopram), Prozac (fluoxetine), Luvox (fluvoxamine), Paxil (paroxetine), and Zoloft (sertraline)Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as Pristiq (desvenlafaxine), Cymbalta (duloxetine), and Effexor (venlafaxine)TranquilizersTricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline, amoxapine, Anafranil (clomipramine), Norpramin (desipramine), Silenor (doxepin), Tofranil (imipramine), Pamelor (nort riptyline), Vivactil (protriptyline), and Surmontil (trimipramine) Be sure to tell your doctor about any and all prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, herbs, and supplements that youre taking.

The Past, Present, And Future Of Education - 1184 Words

The Past, Present, and Future of Education Essay Education is a foundation for a career and a lifestyle. It is the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in schools. It is defined as the process of gaining knowledge. Education is necessary because it provides the information we need rest of our lives. You need well-rounded education to be successful. Success is an individual definition and determines what education you need. Success is the accomplishment of an aim or purpose. A person feels successful when he/she achieves desired aims or attains prosperity. To be successful, we need specialized training. If you want a job you’ll need a college degree or specialized training. Education needs to include courses, diplomas, and training. You need courses to know what actually are studying about. You need diplomas because employers are looking people that are skills beyond and those that have a degree. The high school diploma is the basic diploma, you need to get a job. Education was unfair to most people up until the 1960’s. The Black people didn’t get the education they wanted. There were separated schools. There were Black schools and White schools. Black students got the old books that White students used. White students always got the new books. Blacks and Whites had separate proms, student governments, and sports teams and cheerleading squads. By 1950, the inequality in educational achievement between white students and minority studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Past, Present, And Future Of Education1072 Words   |  5 PagesLovepreet Singh Adkins Pd.3 The Past, Present, and Future of Education Essay Education is a foundation for a career and a lifestyle. It is the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in schools. It is defined as the process of gaining knowledge. Education is necessary because it provides the information we need rest of our lives. You need well-rounded education to be successful. Success is an individual definition and determines what education you need. Success is the accomplishmentRead MoreEducation: Past, Present, and Future772 Words   |  4 PagesEducation: Past, Present, and Future Education, without it we would all be mindless wonders wandering around the globe. Education is an important factor in our lives, but the past, present, and future of education is changing. And change it will until our education system is the best in the world. In the past, Education in America was plain and simple. Weve all heard the stories of how our ancestors used to have to walk to school 5 miles in the snow in the heat of summer. These shamelessRead MoreEducation : The Past, The Present And Future1184 Words   |  5 Pages‘Education: The Past, the Present the Future’ â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† - Nelson Mandela. Without education, there is simply no telling of what this world would be like. There wouldn’t be doctors, lawyers, businesses etc. Life and everything around us would be fatuous. Schools and education give us a plan in life and help guide us. Throughout the years education has changed tremendously. It had its improvements throughout the decades, and itRead MorePast, Present and Future for Education System2221 Words   |  9 PagesPast, present and future for education system Sponsored by Published on  undefined NaN undefined NaN NaN:NaN From: David H Rhodes, Keeble Park North, Bishopthorpe, York. THE school examination results have been announced and no doubt many students are rejoicing in what they have attained through very hard work. Congratulations to them. This does, however, bring an air of confusion as to the genuine merit and value of the grades attained. Correct me if I am wrong, but I believe that 50 years ago onlyRead MoreThe Influence of Books on the Past and Present Literacy850 Words   |  3 Pagesinfluence of religious books such as the bible on the past and present states of literacy. Past literacy based on religious books shows the origin of the biblical practices of exorcism and the culture of Protestantism in England. It describes the superstitions surrounding the early forms of education and the difficulty they bring as regards the understanding of religious books. The article shows that the understanding of the bible influenced the present state of literacy by introducing prudence and enlightenmentRead MoreHistorical Foundations777 Words   |  4 Pagesplay very important and basic part of Christian religious education. In investigating historical foundations, educators are forced to consider aspects of education which are more subject to change and various contingencies in different times and places. Through these situ ations, I will reflect on dealing with the challenges of educational ministries, Christians can discern lessons from the past that provide insights for current and future needs. History focuses upon a concrete and living realityRead MoreThe United States Of America Ranks Twenty-Three In Science,1098 Words   |  5 Pageslack of interest of the education of the youth of Americans. This policy paper will cover the past, present, and what might be the future of education policies in America. Firstly, the paper will cover the moment when the United States government saw the necessity of creating a Department of Education. This department will primarily be focused on making policies regarding education. In continuation, this essay will discuss the creation of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and why thisRead MoreThe Phases Of American Education1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Phases of American Education Can you imagine a world without education? If education did not exist there would be no iPhones, computers, laptops, or cars. Education has had its ups and downs. The learning system in the past was very basicÍ ¾ students got lessons directly from the teacher and more information from the book. Back then, parents taught their children how to read and write from the bible and hornbooks. People usually learned how to read from picture books. Boys went to school whileRead MoreWomens Values in Past, Present and Future Essay616 Words   |  3 PagesWomens Values in Past, Present and Future In the early 20’s, things like getting married at an early age while you were still at your prime, building a family, buying a house with a â€Å"white picket fence† were important. Then in the 30’s, getting married and having a family was still the most important thing, but also perhaps becoming a socialite and presenting a good imaging. *NOTE: It may be important to note that women were always expected to ‘keep up appearances’Read MoreThe Influence of History on the Present and the Future of Human Beings1149 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence of History on the Present Life, and the Future of Human beings The past is not entirely part of the present and the past. It happened then, not now and ignoring it is never possible. The fact that it happened leaves no choice to forget it. Past events could influence the present and the future, but unlike the past, the future is yet to happen. Events in the past do not have to change the future. Doing future events keenly may avoid a repeat of the past. Narrating, past events and recalling them

Oppression in Cuckoos Nest - 1621 Words

frank C, Survey of Literature and Comp. – Block 5 May 10, 2011 An Omnipresent Oppression Oppression is an omnipresent force which has fed on ignorance and hatred and affected the lives of the less fortunate and powerless. Through literature people are able to express their feelings and attitudes regarding an amalgam of elements. An example of this exists in the two texts, â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest,† and â€Å"The Life Your Save May Be Your Own;† in both texts we see a clear correlation between the plot events in the stories and the events that took place in American History to oppress women and Native Americans. â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest,† and â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own,† are similar due to the fact that they†¦show more content†¦Nurse Ratched forced the patients to conform to her guidelines, such as when Chief was forced to sweep rather than live freely as he pleased. Chief like Lucynell in â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own,† does not have a voice to express his feelin gs or thoughts. This lack off voice can be compared to the Native Americans who were made by the federal government to give up their traditions of hunting and gathering and forced to farm. Both the government and Nurse Ratched did not allow for any intervening, and they forced upon their subjects a certain lifestyle. During the early twentieth century women did not control their own lives, it was controlled by society and they were expected to conform to society and follow its laws and patterns. In â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own,† Women were denied access to public power and the idea of women in the early 1900s was a perfect wife and mother, thus leaving their lives to be run by men (Bruccoli 324). Women of this time were voiceless, and this lack of voice is display in the story because Lucynell literally was a mute, and could not speak. Lucynell’s lack of a voice metaphorically represents the women who had no voice in the early twentieth century whereas Mr.Shiftlet does have a voice; he represents the men during theShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2635 Words   |  11 Pages4/17/2015 Defending Controversial Novels Essay Draft Kesey Flew East, His Critics Fly West: They’ve All Missed the Merit in the Cuckoo’s Nest â€Å"There s something about taking a plow and breaking new ground. It gives you energy† (Kesey qtd. in Sova 244). This energy, however, comes with a cost, as demonstrated by Kesey’s revolutionary novel One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. In the process of writing the book, Kesey embarked with ambitious goal of ultimately reshaping American society’s approach to establishedRead MoreThe One Who Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Oppression Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagestrough many wars, both home and abroad. If there is one thing one can take from this, that in any oppressive regime or rule, the human spirit will find a way to free itself. In the novel The One Who Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest, the same principle applies in the want of freedom from oppression. The setting throughout the book is in a psych ward, where the narrator is schizophrenic native man named Chief Bromden who tells what happens inside the ward from a fist person view. Many of the patients inside Read More A Tale of Four Novels1596 Words   |  7 Pagesexterminate the bourgeoisie in order to gain freedom and get revenge at the same time. The central theme of man’s search for power is present in A Tale of Two Cities and is recurring in many works of literature including Hamlet, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and 1984. In A Tale of Two Cities the primary conflict is the revolution in which the proletariat aim to overthrow the bourgeoisie in an effort to gain freedom as they are oppressed and in a state of poverty. Dickens has previously stated numerousRead MoreEssay on The Chief in One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey 861 Words   |  4 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Critical Essay One flew over the Cuckoo’s nest, written by Ken Kesey in 1962 is a gripping multidimensional novel, set in an Oregon Mental Institution set deep in the countryside. The novel is narrated by an American half-Indian known as the â€Å"Chief†, who is a seemingly deaf and dumb patient with Paranoid Schizophrenia. By choosing Bromden as the narrator instead of the main character McMurphy, Kesey gives us a somewhat objective view, as its coming from only oneRead MoreKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cuckoo’s Nest is a timeless classic. This novel has been subject to analysis through many different literary lenses: feminist, Marxist, and of course, psychoanalytic. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest provides a plethora of evidence when it comes to using the psychoanalytic lens. The lens in question deals with the teaching of Sigmund Freud. When reading this novel, the audience sees quite clearly that the world of psychology pla ys an impactful role in One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. This is demonstratedRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Essay2656 Words   |  11 PagesOne Flew Over The Cuckoo#8217;s Nest The significance of the title can be interpreted in this quote. The story is about a struggle in a psychiatric ward, where many #8220;cuckoos#8221; reside, #8220;Ting. Tingle, tingle, tremble toes, she#8217;s a good fisherman, catches hens, puts #8216;em in pens#8230; wire blier, limber lock, three geese inna flock#8230; one flew east, one flew west, one flew over the cuckoo#8217;s nest#8230; O-U-T spells out#8230; goose swoops down and plucksRead MoreThe Messianic Superego : Liberation Of Self Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation of Fellow Men through the Sacrifice of Self Ken Kesey vehemently lashes against dictated social conformity, disguising his personal manifesto as his novel reflective of mid-twentieth century American society, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. The protagonist, Randle McMurphy, purposely casts away his own desire of self-preservation to deliver liberating freedom to prisoners broken by institutionalized sanity. Kesey develops McMurphy’s character as a tragic hero by drawing inspiration fromRead More One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay2464 Words   |  10 Pages One Flew Over The Cuckooamp;#8217;s Nest The significance of the title can be interpreted in this quote. The story is about a struggle in a psychiatric ward, where many amp;#8220;cuckoos; reside, amp;#8220;Ting. Tingle, tingle, tremble toes, sheamp;#8217;s a good fisherman, catches hens, puts amp;#8216;em in pensamp;#8230; wire blier, limber lock, three geese inna flockamp;#8230; one flew east, one flew west, one flew over the cuckooamp;#8217;s nestamp;#8230; O-U-T spells outamp;#8230;Read MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kesey1579 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest by Ken Kesey we are taken into the mind of a mental hospital patient who does not seem to cope well with reality. The whole book itself, revolves around the issue of either being sane or not. We are met with the thought of whether the narrator themselves are sane. But when it comes to our world today, we must ask ourselves how can we define someone as insane or sane? If if we can, who should be in charge of saying that th ey are? The first character thatRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Critical Analysis1479 Words   |  6 Pages Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest, is the narrative of a former psychiatric patient who looks back at the events leading up to his freedom, the novel shows the true rebellious nature of man against tyrannical rule, and man’s never ending yearning for freedom and inner peace. The narrator Chief Bromden goes through a long period of silence and oppression, until Randall McMurphy is committed to the ward, and brings about a change in attitudes from the oppressed patients. Bromden has been

Bahlawane Discussion Free Essays

The discussion is formulated, as the entire thesis, along with the two major investigations done during this study. These are the study of the regulatory mechanism of wg genes expression in the first part and of Rem expression in the second part. An emphasis is given to the role of MucR in both regulation paths. We will write a custom essay sample on Bahlawane Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finally, the conclusion will try to point out the consequences of an inter-connected regulation and be closed on the role of MucR for the symbiosis efficiency in S. meliloti. I. Regulation scheme of galactoglucan synthesis in low and high Pi Published, also already edited II. Regulation scheme of motility genes in S. meliloti. Motility and chemotaxis offers micro – organisms a distinct advantage when faced with starvation, toxic substances or a requirement to approach the appropriate host. However, the motility machinery places high energy demands on the cell. Bacteria develop a strict regulation network to control the expression of motility – related genes to avoid inappropriate energy expenditure. Bacteria also invoke alternative strategies for the regulation of motility when faced with starvation or reduced nutrient conditions. In some bacteria, e. g. , Serratia liquefaciens and Escherichia coli, this strict regulation results an increase of ability to migrate when faced with reduced nutrient conditions (Sharma, Anand, 2002). Apparently the strategy is to engage the motility machinery only in response to stress / starvation conditions by moving towards a better environment. In other bacteria, e. g. S. meliloti, the strict regulation results migration toward chemo-attractants under nutrient sufficient or excess conditions and the development of the vegetative state and biofilm upon encountering stress/starvation conditions (Wei, Bauer, 1998). Thus, S. meliloti was found to be motile throughout active growth, when nutrients are readily available, and to become non-motile upon transition to the stationary phase (Rotter et al. , 2006). The clue of this regulation remained unknown up to the present. Some advances have been performed by the discovery of Rem (Rotter et al. , 2006), a Class Ib regulator, which expression follows the cell motility. Recently, Hoang et al. (Hoang et al. , 2008) demonstrated that quorum sensing (QS) regulated motility in strain Rm8530 through the regulation of visNR expression by ExpR by using an unknown mechanism. 1. Modulation of rem expression Since rem expression was found to be growth – dependent and that visN expression was constant all through the growth, new regulators of motility were expected (Rotter et al. , 2006). In the present study, we demonstrated that MucR affects motility by regulation of rem expression. Binding of MucR to the promoter region upstream of rem was shown and a sequence sharing similarities with the MucR binding site consensus (Bertram-Drogatz et al. , 1998) was identified in this region. However, further investigations suggested that sequences, downstream of this consensus, could be required for MucR binding to the rem upstream region. Since MucR inhibition was increased by a mutation in rem, we speculated that the ratio of Rem / MucR levels in the cell may contribute to the regulation of motility in S. meliloti. In RU11/001, Rem was found to be present in great amount in cells at low density (Rotter et al. , 2006) and slowly disappear during the exponential growth. We did not retrieve a much higher rem transcription level at low cell density in our wild type Rm2011. However, we cannot exclude that post – transcriptional regulation is responsible for the accumulation of Rem protein in Rm2011 at low cell density. If high levels of Rem are present in the cell, the effect of MucR on regulation of rem appears to be negligible. Consistent with this postulation, we observed that at low cell densities, the expression of rem promoter was inhibited in the presence of an intact mucR locus and a disrupted rem locus, but not in the presence of a functional rem locus. In such scenario, the quantity of Rem within the cell in a culture of low cell density might be high enough to completely mask the effect of MucR, while at higher cell density, the higher quantity of MucR within the cell might be sufficient to inhibit transcription of rem. Another explanation for the difference of rem expression pattern between the strain RU11/001 and Rm2011 might be the expR status of these two independent wild types. Indeed, Rm2011 exhibits an insertion element within expR (Pellock et al. , 2002), leading to a non – functional gene and consequently a deficient quorum- sensing (QS) system. It was previously shown that the Sin / ExpR quorum sensing system (Marketon et al. , 2002;Marketon et al. , 2003) down-regulates motility and chemotaxis genes and that the visN-visR operon was a target for the LuxR-type regulator ExpR (HOANG 2004, HOANG 2008). We could confirm the inhibition of visN expression by AHL-activated ExpR and its relay to the rem expression. Moreover, McIntosh demonstrated binding of ExpR to the promoter region of visN in the presence of AHLs implying that ExpR directly regulates transcription of visN-visR (personal communication). While rem expression levels are regulated by several regulators, including ExpR, VisN and VisR, as demonstrated in this study and elsewhere (Hoang et al. , 2008;Rotter et al. , 2006) it is unknown what factors affect expression of the autoregulated mucR gene (Muller et al. , 1993). However, MucR appears to function as a repressor, both in the presence and absence of a functional Sin quorum sensing system (Bahlawane C. et al. , 2008;McIntosh et al. , 2008), suggesting that the regulation of mucR expression is not dependent on quorum sensing, although this remains to be confirmed. 2. Requirement for swimming and swarming motility This study highlights another interesting aspect of motility in S. meliloti, namely, swarming, but not swimming, depends on the presence of a functional quorum sensing system and galactoglucan production. The requirement of exopolysaccharides for swarming was recently highlighted in a large scale analysis of Tn5 mutants exhibiting swarming defects in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008). The requirement of a functional quorum sensing for swarming was likewise found in Rhizobium etli (Braeken et al. , 2008;Daniels et al. , 2006). However, this strain exhibits two different quorum sensing systems CinIR and RaiIR, with a much brighter QS signal molecules spectrum. We demonstrated that in S. meliloti, only those strains with an intact ExpR / Sin quorum sensing system and capable of galactoglucan and flagella production showed the ability to swarm. Even if MucR modulated the expression of the regulator of motility, the swimming ability of a mucR, expR – mutant (Rm101) was not affected. Therefore, swimming required flagella production, but not the ExpR/Sin system and galactoglucan biosynthesis. Swimming is an individual endeavour, whereas swarming is the coordinated movement of a population of bacteria in high viscosity media or over a surface and has been shown to be widespread among flagellated bacteria, particularly in association with quorum sensing (Harshey, 2003;Sharma, Anand, 2002). Hence, the involvement of quorum sensing in swarming, but not in swimming, may be an important feature in coordination of motility. 3. Interconnection between both regulation networks and comparison with other strains Coupling of the regulation of bacterial exopolysaccharide production and the regulation of cell motility has also been found in Ralstonia solanacearum (5), Vibrio cholerae (1, 34), and Salmonella enterica (7), and presumably increases the ability of the cells to interact with their prospective host cells. We found that ExpR functions as inhibitor of the master regulator of motility VisNR, in addition to its role as an activator of the expression of the galactoglucan genes in the presence of Sin AHLs and positively affect expression of exoK and exsH leading to the depolymerisation of succinoglycan (McIntosh et al. , 2008). Moreover, MucR is shown to inhibit the motility through rem expression, in addition to its role in the activation the HMW succinoglycan production and inhibition of the galactoglucan production. This fits well to the opposite regulation for succinoglycan biosynthesis and motility found previously for S. meliloti strains (Hoang et al. , 2008;Wells et al. , 2007;Yao et al. , 2004). A model is therefore proposed (Fig. 4. 2) where the inverse regulation of succinoglycan and flagella synthesis, as well as the role of MucR and ExpR are highlighted. Figure 4. 1 Regulation schem of the motility in S. meliloti Dashed lines indicate an unknown regulation path and lines indicate a direct regulation through demonstrated DNA / protein interactions. The direct effect of ExoR /ExoS has to be further analyses, expecially the interaction with visN promoter has to be elucidated. Chapter 2 Conclusion Taking in account the scheme of galactoglucan synthesis regulation (Fig. 4. 1) and the scheme of motility regulation (Fig. 4. 2) proposed in this study, we may try to follow the effect of such regulation paths in the life – styles of the bacteria. The last one is named as free – living microorganism or as symbiont in the plant root. In the first case, the bacteria are exposed to dryness and nutrients starvation. At this stage, the biofilm production is a pre-requisite for survival. Therefore, the EPS’s biosynthesis has to be switched ON. As it is quite improbable that the cell density is high enough to activate the quorum sensing system, we can speculate that MucR plays a key role in activating the succinoglycan biosynthesis. Since the soil exhibits very low level of Pi, galactoglucan is, at this point produced through the activation via phoB and WggR. Upon biofilm formation, the cell density probably increases and could activate the quorum sensing system, allowing the bacteria to produce more galactoglucan and swarm towards better conditions. In such conformation, the cells present within the centre of the swarming population are non motile and synthesized EPS; thus the cells present at the migration front are highly motile but do not synthesized EPS. It would be interesting to clarify whether a cell differentiation, as proposed by Soto (Soto et al. , 2002), takes place at this stage. Finally, if the host is present in the next neighbourhood the chemotactic compounds, as well as the nutrients found in the rood exudates, will attract the bacteria. When approaching the root, the moisture increases, along with the nutrients availability; so that swarming motility will be replaced by swimming motility that decline progressively. Indeed, the bacteria attached to the root, increasing the cell density that may lead to the inhibition of flagella production via ExpR / QS. Instead, EPS are produced, allowing recognition between the plant and the microbe as well as the invasion of the new synthesized infection thread. Once within the root, the bacteria will differentiate to bacteroid and start fixing nitrogen. We tried to highlight in this thesis the relevance of exopolysaccharides and motility for an efficient symbiosis. Great advances have been made the last years, leading to the identification of the quorum sensing interaction with motility. We participate in inclusion of MucR, as new regulator of motility and ExpR as requisite for swarming. However, the full understanding of the influence of motility in symbiosis establishment will require finding out which signals are inducing mucR and exoR/ exoS. Moreover, some tests have to be implemented to investigate the symbiosis establishment in more realistic conditions. Indeed, the bacteria are usually directly inoculated to the root, so that motility, via swarming or swimming is not required. Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Alfred Puhler, Chair of the Genetics department, for allowing me use the very good infrastructure that promotes a very pleasant and conducive atmosphere during my research using performant techniques. I am especially grateful to Prof. Dr. Anke Becker, my supervisor, for giving me the chance to come back to research. Without her advices, ideas and resources, this work would not be possible and achieved. Thus, I thank her too for the freedom she gave me, as well as her support to test new ideas and her great help by conceiving and writing the manuscripts that become the pillars of this manuscript. Within the laboratory members, I would like to thank first Dr. Birgit Baumgarth who introduced me to the lab and to the investigated organism. Then, special thanks to Dr. Matthew McIntosh for the quorum sensing – related work and his help for preparing the derived publication. Furthermore, I would like to deeply thank Dr. Natasha Pobigaylo for her friendship, her helpful discussions and for giving me courage when I am about to lose it. I thank Manuela Mayer, too, for the assistance in microarray hybridizations as well as Dr. Lisa Krol, Javier Serrania and Thomas Montfort for the everyday help in the lab. Finally, I would like to thank all Exopol group members for the support and advices. Least, I would like to thank my family for their unending and heartwarming support in many ways. Special thanks to Rachida Bendaou, my mother-in-law, for her support in caring my children during my research. I would like to thank my children, Ines, Soraya and Jasmine, for filling up my life with love and happiness. I would like to apologize for the bad mood and stress situations that are unfortunately connected with such a thesis. My heartfelt gratitude to my understanding and loving husband, Naoufal, for his moral and financial support, for believing in me and for sharing the passion for science with me. Resume In order to enter symbiosis with its legume partner, Sinorhizobium meliloti has to face continual changing conditions. It has more ability to adapt quickly to the situation than the ability to face it efficiently that makes the difference in term of symbiosis efficiency. For the first interactions with its host, motility is required by S. meliloti to move towards the chemotactic compounds released by its host when exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are required later on, for the attachment to the root as well as for the invasion of the infection thread, leading to the formation of the root nodule. We focused in this study the regulatory networks leading to the coordination of motility and EPS’s production in the strain Rm2011. Depending on the phosphate concentration encountered in the environment Rm2011 synthesizes two different exopolysaccharides (EPS). Galactoglucan (EPS II) is produced under phosphate starvation but also in the presence of extra copies of the transcriptional regulator WggR (ExpG) or as a consequence of a mutation in mucR. The galactoglucan biosynthesis gene cluster contains the operons wga (expA), wge (expE), wgd (expD), and wggR (expG). Two promoters, differentially controlled by WggR, PhoB, and MucR, were identified upstream of each of these operons. The proximal promoters of the wga, wge, and wgd transcription units were constitutively active when separated from the upstream regulatory sequences. Promoter activity studies and the positions of predicted PhoB and WggR binding sites suggested that the proximal promoters are cooperatively induced by PhoB and WggR. MucR was shown to strongly inhibit the distal promoters and bound to the DNA in the vicinity of the distal transcription start sites. An additional inhibitory effect on the distal promoter of the structural galactoglucan biosynthesis genes was identified as a new feature of WggR in a mucR mutant. Motility is organized in S. meliloti in a hierarchical cascade, with Class Ia genes, encoding the major regulator of motility VisNR; controlling the expression of the class Ib gene, rem, which encodes a central regulator, activating the expression of the downstream Class II and class III genes. We could demonstrate that MucR binds a DNA sequence upstream of rem, following a different mechanism as previously observed upon binding upstream of the wg genes. By this way, MucR inhibits rem expression as well as the expression of the Rem-regulated genes such as flaF and flgG. Furthermore, we addressed a balance of the swimming and swarming abilities of several S. meliloti strains derivatives of Rm2011. We could show that all strains, able to build flagella, were swimming on low viscosity agar plates. However, swarming over high viscosity agar plates required all a functional expR / sin locus, the ability to build flagellum and the production of exopolysaccharides. Finally, we propose a model for the coordination of motility and EPSs synthesis in S. meliloti. How to cite Bahlawane Discussion, Papers

Nursing Intervention free essay sample

It is important for nurses to assist in the healing of pressure ulcers. Apart from providing appropriate wound dressing, various nursing interventions are needed such as relieving pressure by providing special pads or air mattresses and turning or repositioning the patient at least every two hours. Arranging pillows under the ankles, back, head and arms, regular cleansing and drying of the skin, and providing good nutrition to support the healing process are also important (Cohen, 2009). Optimal nutrition helps pressure ulcer healing, keeps immune competence and reduces risk of infection. On the other hand, when patients are in a poor nutritional state wound healing is impaired and more likely to be complicated by infection (Edmonds, 2007; Gillman, 2008). The treatment of pressure ulcers from NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) clinical guideline indicates that nutritional supplementation is recommended for all patients, especially those who have an identified deficiency. Nutritional support of patients with pressure ulcers should be based on nutritional assessment using a recognised tool, general health status, patient preference, expert dietitian and/or specialist input to support in the decision-making process (ANJ, 2008; NICE, 2005; Rafferty, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Intervention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Waterlow screening tool includes Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), as evidence suggests that dehydration and malnutrition are related to pressure ulcers (Chamanga, 2010). However, NICE recommends that nutritional screening should only be carried out by healthcare professionals with appropriate skill and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) should be taken for all patients including those who already have pressure ulcers (NICE, 2005). The healing process of pressure ulcer demands an increase in the energy intake of nutrients due to an increase in metabolic need. Elderly or disabled people like Mrs. X probably have diminished dietary intake. Patients with highly exudating ulcers are also likely to lose important nutrients through the wound exudates which will result in nutrient deficiency at cellular level (Mandal, 2006). That’s why it is important for nurses to do early identification of malnourished patients and quick referral to dietetic specialists. In the treatment of severe pressure ulcers, specialist nutritional advice is often necessary, particularly if there is a need for dietary supplementation (Schols, 2009) e. g. ensure drinks (oral nutritional supplement) or alternative feeding methods e. g. PEG tube or NG tube feeding. In the case of Mrs. X, advice from an expert dietitian was required as she was provided nutrition with PEG tube feeding to maintain effective nutritional support (Edmonds, 2007). In different cases, biochemical indicators of nutritional state can be useful in guiding nutritional therapy. For instance, serum albumin levels can help to identify chronic malnutrition when used in conjunction with a range of other nutritional parameters (Riordan and Voegeli, 2009). Recent clinical protocols identify that patients are at high risk of malnutrition when plasma albumin levels are less than 3. g/dl. Low albumin levels beyond 26 weeks have been expected of low healing rates in pressure ulcers (Sherman, 2011). During the inflammatory phase of healing, free radicals are released and can damage healthy tissue (Timms, 2011). Therefore, antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and selenium are needed to neutralise the free radicals. Vitamins are pervasive, vitamins appear a distinct potential to be instrumental in modern wound care (Sinno et al, 2011) Vitamin A is needed throughout healing; it facilitates the inflammatory response to granulation tissue formation and re-epithelialisation. Supplementation with vitamin A may reverse the deleterious effects of corticosteroids, diabetes and malignancy on wound healing, and patients with severe injuries and large pressure ulcers (Benbow, 2008). Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble molecule that has three major roles pertaining to wound healing: promoting collagen synthesis, modulating immune function and collagen cross linkage vitamin B complex and copper as well. (Sinno et al, 2011). It also helps in the transfer of white blood cells to the wound, improves resistance to infection and increases capillary strength. Since vitamin C is water-soluble, it is difficult to store it in the body, so a regular intake is necessary and dietary sources are green vegetables, potatoes, fruits like orange, kiwi and berries. (Timms, 2011). Vitamin K facilitates blood clotting, and Vitamin E (tocopherols) is a major lipophilic antioxidant of the skin and enhances immune response (Gillman, 2008). Another nutritional supplementation with such positive effectors as arginine can enhance wound healing. Arginine stimulates insulin and growth hormone secretion, which are elated to wound healing (Sherman, 2011). Wound healing also demands high energy needs of the patient. An increase in metabolic need causes an increase in demand for glucose, which is the major fuel source for collagen synthesis and the most efficient source of fuel for adenosine triphosphate synthesis compared with fat (Timms, 2011). Protein has an important role in growth and repair of body tissue. It is required for inflammatory process, the immune system and development of granulation tissue. Requirements increase when extensive nitrogen losses can occur from draining wounds (Richardson, 2006). Insufficient energy intake causes fat and muscle wastage, because protein is broken down to produce glucose to provide the energy requirement. As a result, protein deficiency combined with loss of protein-rich exudates from wounds may lead to an extended inflammatory phase and hypoalbuminaemia and decrease fibroblast and collagen development, and it can also increase the risk of wound dehiscence and reducing the strength of scar tissue (Ripley, 2006). Throughout the proliferation and maturation phase, zinc is needed for collagen synthesis. This element is also required for the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and speed up the process of re-epithelialisation, while strengthening the wound. However, a study by Lim in 2004 found that high-dose zinc delayed healing due to increased zinc intake reducing copper absorption.

Dennis vs US essays

Dennis vs US essays This case focuses on the Smith Act, which was passed in the late 1940s. Under this act It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise, or teach the duty, necessity, desirability, or propriety of the overthrowing or destroying any government in the United States by force or violence... It also targets organizers of groups intending to commit such acts, as well as people who publish or in any other way support a movement with the end goal being the actions described above. In particular, this case focuses around the 11 members of the Communist Party of the United States who were planning the violent overthrow of the United States government, which is prohibited under the Smith Act. [Section 3] The communists are convicted and appeal, contending the Smith Act is unconstitutional. The Supreme Court, in the end sides with the government based on a series of reasoning. First they agree with the Court of Appeals, which finds that the Marcist-Leninist doctrine the Communist Party subscribes to, in itself, states that a violent overthrow of government in an existing democratic state is necessary because the ruling classes would not allow any other method of revolution. They also found Communists tolerate no dissension from the policy laid down by the guiding forces, but that approved program is slavishly followed by the members of the party. The Supreme Court also argues that many laws require an evil intent and that the petitioners are wrong in saying there is no evil intent. If that precise mental state [must] be an essential element of a crime, surel an intent to overthrow the Government of the United States by advocacy thereof is equally susceptible of proof. The Court continues by saying that change to the government and constitution is all right, as long as it is done legally, but that Congress has a right to protect the Government ...

A Raisin in the Sun Study Guide for Act Three

A Raisin in the Sun Study Guide for Act Three This plot summary and study guide for Lorraine Hansberrys play, A Raisin in the Sun, provides an overview of Act Three. To learn more about the previous scenes, check out the following articles: A Raisin in the Sun: Act One, Scene OneA Raisin in the Sun: Act One, Scene TwoA Raisin in the Sun: Act Two, Scene OneA Raisin in the Sun: Act Two, Scene TwoA Raisin in the Sun: Act Two, Scene Three The third act of A Raisin in the Sun is a single scene. It takes place an hour after the events of Act Two (when $6500 was swindled from Walter Lee). In the stage directions, playwright Lorraine Hansberry describes the light of the living room as gray and gloomy, just as it was at the beginning of Act One. This dismal lighting represents the feeling of hopelessness, as though the future promises nothing. Joseph Asagais Proposal Joseph Asagai pays a spontaneous visit to the household, offering to help the family pack. Beneatha explains that Walter Lee lost her money for medical school. Then, she recounts a childhood memory about a neighbor boy who injured himself severely. When the doctors fixed his face and broken bones, young Beneatha realized she wanted to become a doctor. Now, she thinks that she has stopped caring enough to join the medical profession. Joseph and Beneatha then launch into an intellectual discussion about idealists and realists. Joseph sides with idealism. He is dedicated to improving life in Nigeria, his homeland. He even invites Beneatha to return home with him, as his wife. She is both bewildered and flattered by the offer. Joseph leaves her to think about the idea. Walters New Plan During his sisters conversation with Joseph Asagai, Walter has been listening intently from the other room. After Joseph leaves, Walter enters the living room and finds the business card of Mr. Karl Lindner, the chairman of the so-called welcoming committee of Clybourne Park, a neighborhood with white residents who are willing to pay a large amount of money to prevent black families from moving into the community. Walter leaves to contact Mr. Lindner. Mama enters and starts to unpack. (Because Walter lost the money, she no longer plans to move to the new house.) She remembers when as a child people would say that she always aimed too high. It seems she finally agrees with them. Ruth still wants to move. She is willing to go to work extreme hours in order to keep their new house in Clybourne Park. Walter returns and announces that he has made a call to the Man more specifically, he has asked Mr. Lindner back to their home to discuss a business arrangement. Walter plans to accept Lindners segregationist terms in order to make a profit. Walter has determined that humanity is divided into two groups: those who take and those who are tooken. From now on, Walter vows to be a taker. Walter Hits Rock Bottom Walter breaks down as he imagines putting on a pathetic show for Mr. Lindner. He pretends that he is speaking to Mr. Lindner, using a slave dialect to express how subservient he is in comparison to the white, property owner. Then, he goes into the bedroom, alone. Beneatha verbally disowns her brother. But Mama devoutly says that they must still love Walter, that a family member needs love the most when they have reached his lowest point. Little Travis runs in to announce the arrival of the moving men. At the same time, Mr. Lindner appears, carrying contracts to be signed. A Moment of Redemption Walter enters the living room, somber and ready to do business. His wife Ruth tells Travis to go downstairs because she does not want her son to see his father debase himself. However, Mama declares: MAMA: (Opening her eyes and looking into Walters.) No. Travis, you stay right here. And you make him understand what you doing, Walter Lee. You teach him good. Like Willy Harris taught you. You show where our five generations done come to. When Travis smiles up at his father, Walter Lee has a sudden change of heart. He explains to Mr. Lindner that his family members are plain but proud people. He tells of how his father worked for decades as a laborer, and that ultimately his father earned the right for his family to move into their new home in Clybourne Park. In short, Walter Lee transforms into the man his mother had prayed he would become. Realizing that the family is bent on moving into the neighborhood, Mr. Lindner shakes his head in dismay and leaves. Perhaps the most excited of all the family members, Ruth joyously shouts, Lets get the hell out of here! The moving men enter and begin to pack up the furniture. Beneatha and Walter exit as they argue about who would be a more suitable husband: the idealistic Joseph Asagai or the wealthy George Murchison. All of the family except Mama have left the apartment. She looks around one last time, picks up her plant, and leaves for a new home and a new life.

Media Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Ethics - Essay Example Ultimately, I will conclude that the primary reason many media organizations may find themselves â€Å"aiding† terrorist is not out of the inevitability of an incidental connection, but a money-oriented strategy. Unlike other commentators, Held does not try to invoke the role of news media as a fourth branch or government, but takes the position that everyone in a moral society is obliged to promote the reduction of political violence. This position, in her opinion is partially relevant for those working in the media since it plays a key role in shaping public opinion, which is ultimately the objective of those that engage in political violence. She bases her argument on the claim that the media cannot be relied on to play its moral role in the war against terror since it is predominantly driven by profit motives. Even from a laypersons perspective, the media assist common sense in decreasing incidences of political violence. However, this is not as obvious to members of the fourth estate who tend to present news in the most dramatic and emotive way possible so as to exploit public outrage or fear for increased rating and create a sense of dependency. Given current reporting trends, it is cl ear that the infamous adage, â€Å"tell the people what they want hear† is alive. For example, they will rarely provide objective coverage of the arguments for and against the views by political dissidents unless they happen to be iconic figures such as Dalai Lama. She suggest that the press should air the view of everyone involved in an incidence since many acts of terror are committed by people who feel they are ignored and want to force society to acknowledge their existence and grievances. Her proposal on this matter is on point since in many cases, would be perpetrators of political violence will not get attention from the media unless they do something drastic. Held preeminently talks about the profit motive, which she cites rightly as

Systematic and Unsystematic Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Systematic and Unsystematic Risks - Essay Example This makes multi-national corporations safer compared to their domestic counterparts. Normally, systematic risk assessment are important for listed companies to effectively price the equities, determining the cost of capital and effective evaluation of projects. However, internationalization also poses some distinct systematic risks to multi-national corporations. Some of these distinct risks are - exposure to currency fluctuations in multiple countries, exposure to political risks pertaining to multiple governments, exposure to reduction in ability of monitoring managers in multiple countries, increased chances of asymmetric & inaccurate localized information thus resulting in wrong investment decisions, etc. Internationalizing investment portfolios also increases the exposure to unsystematic risks - like competitor activity in a foreign country, manager's foul play in another country where the company's monitoring system is weak, etc. Hence, it is important for the organization to have sound global knowledge base & threat database for risk management. Organization structures with distributed power often increases the exposure to both systematic and non-systematic risks. This is the reason that Chatterjee and Lubatkin et al (1992. pp155) felt that vertical mergers reduces the exposure to both systematic and non-systematic risks. They also observed that vertically integrated companies are able to manage lower cost of capitals thus enabling the integrated company to participate in a wider set of opportunities. Hence, multi-national companies with centralized corporate governance and risk management possess lesser exposure to both systematic and unsystematic risks compared to companies having distributed (country specific) risk management & power structures. Cornell (1999. pp198-199) presented a correlation between risk duration and capital budgeting stating that long term projects may be having higher risks if the variations in cash flow is stochastic in nature. Such projects make estimations of discounted cash flow quite difficult and hence the author recommended discounting of long term projects at higher rates. This is the reason that investors normally prefer to invest in short term projects guaranteeing quick returns. Discussions on Risk Management in Deloitte The above analysis of risk exposures of multi-national corporations has been carried out to build analogy with Deloitte in which the author works as partner in Croatia. Deloitte is the largest and oldest multi-national corporation in risk advisory and audit services. Deloitte operates in multiple countries across the world through a tightly controlled "Franchisee" model in which local entrepreneurs are allowed to manage local business based on local market strategies but the risk management, code of conduct and operating methodology is largely governed globally by centralized power centers. The organization possesses a global knowledge base for risk management and allows diversification of portfolios in multiple coun

Jeffrey Dahmer Essay -- essays research papers fc

Biography On: Jeffrey Dahmer Section I: Introduction: Jeffrey Dahmer was one of the most well known serial killers ever. Dahmer was no ordinary serial killer. He was a killer, necropheliac, and a cannibal. The purpose of this report is to learn more about this serial killer. Section II: Overview †¢ â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer was born May 21, 1960, at Evangelical Hospital in Milwaukee, Wisconsin† (Blakey). †¢ â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer was found beaten by fellow inmates on the morning of November 28, 1994, as was pronounced dead at 9:11 a.m.† (Blakey). †¢ Jeffrey Dahmer given life imprisonment on 15 counts of murder committed in Wisconsin and one committed in Ohio, for which he was tried separately. â€Å"He was sentenced to fifteen consecutive life terms for a total of 957 years in prison.† (Schwartz p. 44) Section III: Early Age Jeffrey Dahmer was a very shy and isolated at an early age. Dahmer had fantasies about killing men and having sex with their corpses. Despite these early tendencies during his childhood, Dahmer didn’t fulfill these fantasies until after he graduated from high school in June 1978 (Schwartz p 33). Dahmer picked up a hitchhiker by the name of Steven Hicks, and eventually Hicks became Dahmer’s first victim. Dahmer enrolled at Ohio State University, only to flunk out within one semester. Next, Dahmer joined the army at the end of 1978, but was discharged for alcoholism and went to live in Florida. After returning to Ohio, Dahmer was then arrested in October of 1981 for drunken and disorderly conduct, so his father sent him to live with his grandmother in West Allis, Wisconsin. Dahmer had a couple of sexual legal incidents, then kept cool for about four years. In 1987, Dahmer killed his second victim, Steven Toumi and went on a killing spree soon after (Schwartz). †¢ â€Å"Most of Dahmer’s victims were homosexual, African-American men. †¢ Dahmer was actively killing from June 1978 to July 22, 1991† (Pringle). Section III: Childhood Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960, to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. There were problems during Joyce’s pregnancy with Jeffrey, but Jeffrey grew up as a normal, healthy child that showed no signs of mental problems. At age six, he suffered from a double hernia and needed... ...;How did he die? 4. When did he die? 5. Was there a purpose to his murders? Answers 1. Seventeen murders were accounted for. 2. The exact number of bodies is unknown. Dahmer did not eat entire bodies. 3. Jeffrey Dahmer was found dead, beaten by his inmates. 4. Jeffrey Dahmer died November 28, 1994. 5. The only reason that might be is his disgusting fantasies. Outline Section I: Introduction Section II: Overview Section III: Childhood Section IV: Dahmer’s Crimes Section V: Caught and Dead Section VI: Conclusion Section VII: 5 Questions+Answers Section VIII: Bibliography Bibliography Pringle , Kenneth. â€Å"Inside The Mind of Jeffrey Dahmer in G-Files. [Website] (New York:_APB News, 10, Aug: 2000, 1, June 2001. http://www.apbnews.com/media/gfiles/dahmer/dahmer0814.html?s=pb_dahmer Schwartz, Anne E. The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1992 Blakey, Arch F. "Jeffrey Dahmer". World Book Encyclopedia. World Book Inc.2000. Vol. 5, p 5. Jeffrey Dahmer Essay -- essays research papers fc Biography On: Jeffrey Dahmer Section I: Introduction: Jeffrey Dahmer was one of the most well known serial killers ever. Dahmer was no ordinary serial killer. He was a killer, necropheliac, and a cannibal. The purpose of this report is to learn more about this serial killer. Section II: Overview †¢ â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer was born May 21, 1960, at Evangelical Hospital in Milwaukee, Wisconsin† (Blakey). †¢ â€Å"Jeffrey Dahmer was found beaten by fellow inmates on the morning of November 28, 1994, as was pronounced dead at 9:11 a.m.† (Blakey). †¢ Jeffrey Dahmer given life imprisonment on 15 counts of murder committed in Wisconsin and one committed in Ohio, for which he was tried separately. â€Å"He was sentenced to fifteen consecutive life terms for a total of 957 years in prison.† (Schwartz p. 44) Section III: Early Age Jeffrey Dahmer was a very shy and isolated at an early age. Dahmer had fantasies about killing men and having sex with their corpses. Despite these early tendencies during his childhood, Dahmer didn’t fulfill these fantasies until after he graduated from high school in June 1978 (Schwartz p 33). Dahmer picked up a hitchhiker by the name of Steven Hicks, and eventually Hicks became Dahmer’s first victim. Dahmer enrolled at Ohio State University, only to flunk out within one semester. Next, Dahmer joined the army at the end of 1978, but was discharged for alcoholism and went to live in Florida. After returning to Ohio, Dahmer was then arrested in October of 1981 for drunken and disorderly conduct, so his father sent him to live with his grandmother in West Allis, Wisconsin. Dahmer had a couple of sexual legal incidents, then kept cool for about four years. In 1987, Dahmer killed his second victim, Steven Toumi and went on a killing spree soon after (Schwartz). †¢ â€Å"Most of Dahmer’s victims were homosexual, African-American men. †¢ Dahmer was actively killing from June 1978 to July 22, 1991† (Pringle). Section III: Childhood Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960, to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. There were problems during Joyce’s pregnancy with Jeffrey, but Jeffrey grew up as a normal, healthy child that showed no signs of mental problems. At age six, he suffered from a double hernia and needed... ...;How did he die? 4. When did he die? 5. Was there a purpose to his murders? Answers 1. Seventeen murders were accounted for. 2. The exact number of bodies is unknown. Dahmer did not eat entire bodies. 3. Jeffrey Dahmer was found dead, beaten by his inmates. 4. Jeffrey Dahmer died November 28, 1994. 5. The only reason that might be is his disgusting fantasies. Outline Section I: Introduction Section II: Overview Section III: Childhood Section IV: Dahmer’s Crimes Section V: Caught and Dead Section VI: Conclusion Section VII: 5 Questions+Answers Section VIII: Bibliography Bibliography Pringle , Kenneth. â€Å"Inside The Mind of Jeffrey Dahmer in G-Files. [Website] (New York:_APB News, 10, Aug: 2000, 1, June 2001. http://www.apbnews.com/media/gfiles/dahmer/dahmer0814.html?s=pb_dahmer Schwartz, Anne E. The Man Who Could Not Kill Enough. New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1992 Blakey, Arch F. "Jeffrey Dahmer". World Book Encyclopedia. World Book Inc.2000. Vol. 5, p 5.

Vacationing Under the Big Sky

In an obscure land lies Lone Mountain Peak. It soars into the Montana sky at 11,166 feet, and towers over the tiny community of Big Sky. This remote area is home to the Big Sky Ski Resort that was built in the 1970’s by the late news broadcaster Chet Huntley. It also houses the newly built Moonlight Basin Resort. The small town of Big Sky has grown to be one of Montana’s most sought out year-round playground for recreationists. During the summer months, Big Sky is a golfer’s paradise, a fly fisher’s sanctuary and a whitewater rafter’s dream. As the temperature drops and winter emerges, strap on a set of snow skis and tear up the softest powder on one of 220 ski trails. Of course if Lone Mountain is too difficult of an undertaking, then hop on a snowmobile and take a nice and peaceful trip through the scenic trails of the Gallatin National Forest. Gallatin National Forest spans across 1. 8 million acres of land and includes six mountain ranges. As anyone can see, whether travelers are looking for a summer or winter destination, Big Sky Montana offers many fun-filled activities to meet everyone’s needs. In the beginning Big Sky was not the hotspot it is today. The U. S. obtained the territory that is now the State of Montana with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. During this time the territory was home to twelve Indian tribes, the Blackfeet, the Crow, and the Sioux just to name a few. The Indians called this territory â€Å"the first best place† and to them the land was very sacred. In the late 1890s, homesteaders began to settle in this area which prompted the U. S. and the Tribal Nations to construct a treaty creating what we know today as Indian reservations. In 1902, Augustus Franklin Crail, a small time rancher set up his homestead in what is now called Big Sky’s Meadow. After this, Big Sky was known as home to a small group of ranchers. In 1973, retired NBC newscaster Chet Huntley opened Big Sky Resort, and finally saw his dream come to life. Unfortunately, Huntley died of lung cancer in 1974 and never got to see its full potential. After his death, Boyne USA Resorts purchased the ski mountain and soon after Big Sky began to develop into what it is today. In 1995, Big Sky Resort built the Lone Peak Tram, escalating Big Sky’s vertical drop to 4,180 feet. In 2003, Moonlight Basin Resort opened its doors on the North side of Lone Peak. This resort was built to cater to adults seeking a rejuvenating getaway. In 2006, the two resorts partnered up to offer the Lone Peak Ticket, creating the biggest skiing area in America which is a total of, 5,512 acres. Today, Big Sky’s year-round population only adds up to about 2,200 residents. The ski mountain attracts 400 more seasonal residents in the winter, plus thousands of travelers from all over the world. As a result of the partnership and one of the largest ski areas around, the slopes are seldom crowded and Big Sky maintains its genuine small-town vibe. As the summer months approach and Big Sky thaws out the land comes to life. The summer season starts in June and ends in September. This is the best time to see the state’s historical, cultural and sightseeing attractions. Yellowstone National Park is a great choice for a passionate photographer looking for the next amazing shot. The park is swarming with an array of wildlife and astonishing natural features such as geysers and hot springs. In addition to sightseeing Big Sky offers many activities for the outdoor enthusiast. First go horseback riding in the fresh air through the Gallatin Valley. And then, jump on a mountain bike and navigate down one of many treacherous trails at Moonlight Basin. Next, take a chair lift ride through the tree tops to one of the three zip lines sure to thrill the adrenaline junky. Finally, take a swing at one of the three challenging golf courses designed by professional golfers. As far as Big Sky fishing the possibilities are endless. Madison and Gallatin Rivers sustain populations of Cutthroat, Rainbow, Brown and Brook trout as well as native Montana White Fish and Arctic Grayling. The Gallatin River also presents the most challenging rapids for the eager kayaker or whitewater rafter. When the snow falls, Big Sky flourishes. Skiers and snowboarders flock to Big Sky to shred up the largest area of ski terrain in North America. Skiing and snowboarding are Big Sky’s most popular winter activity. Altogether, Big Sky Resort and Moonlight Basin offer 5,512 acres, 220 ski runs, and 4,350 vertical feet, of accessible ski terrain. The twenty-six lifts are capable of moving 35,000 people per hour, but usually only carry about 2,500 riders per day. As a result there is no such thing as long waits in line at the lifts. For the kids at heart, Big Sky recently added an area to zip down a 500-foot run on a sled-like inner tube. In addition, explore hundreds of miles of trails in Big Sky and nearby areas via a snowmobile. There is a 120-mile trail designated just for this between Bozeman and West Yellowstone called the Big Sky Snowmobile Trail. On this ride you will see incredible snow covered mountain vistas and a wide variety of wildlife. Another popular form of transportation is a horse-drawn sleigh. Whether it is a romantic dinner for two or a relaxing outing with the whole family, the enchantment of a horse-drawn sleigh ride is sure to be an unforgettable one. Journey through and discover Yellowstone National Park by way of a snowmobile, snow coach, ski, or snowshoe. Most of the wildlife and geothermal sites are still active in Yellowstone during the winter months. However, tourists are few and far between. The parks wide variety of wildlife roams freely through the winter wonderland. Another site to be seen is when boiling water from one of the many hot springs breaks through the frozen surface hissing steam into the cold winter air. Winter in Yellowstone is spectacular, making it a surprisingly picturesque time to visit. Over the past forty years, Big Sky Montana has grown from a small ski town into a frequently sought out vacation destination. With the endless list of both summer and winter activities who could deny the fact that Big Sky is an awesome place to visit? In short, Big Sky Montana started out as one man’s dream and has flourished into one of the most desirable vacation destinations. Work Cited All Trips: Big Sky Montana. All Trips, 1995/2012. Web. 28 Aug. 2012 This website is a tell all guide for prospective vacationers looking to explore Big Sky Montana. It describes in depth the area’s geographical statistics such as maps, elevation, and general location. It also lists recreational activities for the spring, summer and winter months like: hiking, fishing, skiing, snowmobiling, horseback riding, and sightseeing in Yellowstone National Park. It describes lodging at Big Sky Resort, and Moonlight Basin Resort, and also mentions the local entertainment and dining options. The site has many links to other related websites that would also be helpful in exploring the area. This website is a very reliable and helpful resource for writing my essay. It gave me the information I needed to accurately describe what Big Sky Montana has to offer to vacationers. Big Sky Montana. org. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Aug. 2012 This website is a guide to exploring the remote area of Big Sky Montana. It provides you with all the necessary information pertinent to the area like he terrain, including the details of the mountains surrounding the area. It lists and gives a brief description of all the activities, lodging, local entertainment, and current events. The main page also has a link to look for vacancy at all the local resorts and hotels. It is a one stop place to answer all your questions about vacationing in Big Sky Montana. This website is a very reliable and helpful resource for writing my essay. It gave me the information I needed for my essay to accurately describe what the small town of Big Sky Montana has to offer to its vacationers. Juneau, Denise. â€Å"Indian Education for All: Montana Indians – Their History and Location. † Montana Office of Public Instruction, April 2009. Web. 5 Oct 2012 This eighty-three page pamphlet was published as an educational tool by the State of Montana’s Public Instruction Office for use in Montana’s public schools. It discusses in length the history, culture and traditions of each of the twelve Montana Indian tribes. It explains the changes that have occurred since the treaty between the U. S. and Tribal Nations which formed the Indian reservations that are still there today. Lastly it lists chronologically each major event that impacted the Indian tribes. This list starts in 1972 with Montana legislature adopting a new article stating that the State recognizes the unique cultural heritage of the American Indian, and committing to its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural heritage. This article supplied the facts on needed for my essay about the history of the territory which is now the State of Montana. Moonlight Basin Resort. N. p. ,n. d. Web. 4 Oct 2012

The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman - 975 Words

Charlotte Perkins Gilman starts â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† with the narrative of a character in first person perspective. Gilman writes in a style and attitude that is reflective of the character s feelings towards her current situation. The character’s doctor who is coincidentally her husband decided it was best to move her into a remote house for some time away to get plenty of rest and to heal mentally. The character was moved into a nursery that was covered with yellow wallpaper and as time passed the character started to go insane from the seclusion. The character in the story describes her relationship with her husband, John, while explaining how she feels towards him after he excluded her. The character’s sanity transforms into an irrational mentality after her attitude transitions from positive to negative, from her husband’s condescending tone and excessive control, and when she is left constantly alone in seclusion causing her to hallucinate. Th e character introduces her temporary living space by using the adjectives â€Å"big† and â€Å"airy† to describe the nursery. This shows the readers that the character is aware of her surroundings and has not gone completely insane. Her positive word choice of â€Å"big† and â€Å"airy† show the readers that the character is open to the idea of her time spent at the nursery. As the story continues, the tone while describing the room starts to transition, which gives a negative vibe. The following phrase, â€Å"the windows are barred† is an example ofShow MoreRelatedThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman885 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a stigma around mental illness and feminism. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the 1900’s. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has many hidden truths within the story. The story was an embellished version her own struggle with what was most likely post-partum d epression. As the story progresses, one can see that she is not receiving proper treatment for her depression and thus it is getting worse. Gilman uses the wallpaper and what she sees in it to symbolize her desire to escapeRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her reader’s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1362 Words   |  6 Pagesas freaks. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Per kins Gilman, both of these elements are present. Gilman did a wonderful job portraying how women are not taken seriously and how lightly mental illnesses are taken. Gilman had, too, had firsthand experience with the physician in the story. Charlotte Perkins Gilman s believes that there really was no difference in means of way of thinking between men or women is strongly. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a short story about a woman whoRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1547 Words   |  7 PagesCharlotte Perkins Gilman s career as a leading feminists and social activist translated into her writing as did her personal life. Gilman s treatment for her severe depression and feelings of confinement in her marriage were paralleled by the narrator in her shorty story, The Yellow Wallpaper. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her parents, Mary Fitch Perkins and Fredrick Beecher Perkins, divorced in 1869. Her dad, a distinguished librarian and magazine editorRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman2032 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a poem about women facing unequal marriages, and women not being able to express themselves the way they want too. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was born in 1860, and died in 1935. This poem was written in 1892. When writing this poem, women really had no rights, they were like men’s property. So writing â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† during this time era, was quite shocking and altered society at the time. (Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Feminization ofRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman904 Words   |  4 Pagescom/us/definiton/americaneglish/rest-cure?q=rest+cure). Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote The Yellow Wallpaper as a reflection of series of events that happened in her own life. Women who fought the urge to be the typical stereotype were seen as having mental instabilities and were considered disobedient. The societal need for women to conform to the standards in the 1800s were very high. They were to cook, clean and teach their daughters how to take care of the men. Gilman grew up without her father and she vowedRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story of a woman s psychological breakdown, which is shown through an imaginative conversation with the wallpaper. The relationship between the female narrator and the wallpaper reveals the inner condition of the narrator and also symbolically shows how women are oppressed in society. The story, read through a feminist lens, reflects a woman s struggle against the patriarchal power structure. In the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the wallpaperRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagesthat wallpaper as I did?† the woman behind the pattern was an image of herself. She has been the one â€Å"stooping and creeping.† The Yellow Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the story, three characters are introduced, Jane (the narrator), John, and Jennie. The Yellow Wallpaper is an ironic story that takes us inside the mind and emotions of a woma n suffering a slow mental breakdown. The narrator begins to think that another woman is creeping around the room behind the wallpaper, attemptingRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesThe dignified journey of the admirable story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† created by Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s, gave the thought whether or not the outcome was influenced by female oppression and feminism. Female oppression and feminist encouraged a series of women to have the freedom to oppose for their equal rights. Signified events in the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† resulted of inequality justice for women. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gave the reader different literary analysis to join the unjustifiableRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1704 Words   |  7 PagesEscaping The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) whom is most acclaimed for her short story The Yellow Wallpaper (1891) was a women’s author that was relatively revolutionary. Gilman makes an appalling picture of captivity and confinement in the short story, outlining a semi-personal photo of a young lady experiencing the rest cure treatment by her spouse, whom in addition to being her husband was also her therapist. Gilman misused the rest cure in The Yellow Wallpaper to alarm other